/store/products/analytic-thinking/171 As the title states; I find this chart helpful in separating and identifying various ways we reason. We use reasoning every single day, but we do not think much about how many different ways in which we do so. PowerPoint outlining the key details of Cohen's work on Folk Devils & Moral Panics, and Young's work on Deviance Amnplification. Do let me know if you would like anymore from other topics (Families, Edcuation, Methods, Beliefs, T&M, C&D)Thanks Cicourel (1976) A Phenomenological Approach Cicourel studied American youth crime and saw that people from white backgrounds are sometimes sent for psychiatric treatment whereas some other groups get sent to prison for the same offence. Cicourel saw that police use stereotypes when stopping delinquents, police are more likely to stop delinquents in bad, low-income areas where there is a high crime rate. Lower class juveniles who fitted the criteria of the police stereotypes were more likely to be charged than middle class juveniles.

Cicourel ’s conclusion - Delinquents are produced by agencies of social control. Secondary Deviance- the person is caught and labelled as an offender. In the eyes of the world , he is no longer a colleague, father or neighbour; he is now a thief, junkie or paedophile- an outsider An ex convict finds it hard to go straight because no one will employ him so he seeks out other outsiders for support. Thus may involve joining a deviant subculture that offers deviant career opportunities and role models, rewards deviant behaviour and confirms his deviant identity. We cannot predict whether someone who has been labelled will follow a deviant career, because they are always free to choose not to deviate further The Mods and Rockers were two conflicting British youth subcultures of the early-mid 1960s. Gangs of mods and rockers fighting in 1964 sparked a moral panic about British youths, and the two groups were seen as folk devils. The rockers were motorcyclists, wearing clothes such as black leather jackets.

The mods were scooter riders, wearing suits and cleancut outfits. By the late 1960s, the two subcultures had faded from public view and media attention turned to two new emerging youth subcultures — the hippies and the skinheads. e.g. by decriminalising soft drugs, we might reduce the number of people with criminal convictions and hence the risk of secondary deviance. Similarly labelling theory implies that we should avoid publicly ‘naming and shaming’ offenders, since this is likely to create a perception of them as evil outsiders and, by excluding them from mainstream society, push them into further deviancelululemon pacific beach hoodie for sale Reintegrative makes person aware of the negative impact of their actions upon them and then encourages others to forgive them and accept them back into society. mexican baja hoodie for babies

Avoids pushing them back into secondary deviance Crime rates tend to be lower in societies where Reintegrative rather than disintegrative shaming is the dominant way of dealing with the offender Marxist criticism- fails to explain the origin of labels or why they are applied to certain groups e.g. WC AS & A2 LEVEL (A-Level) Revision Effect of Media on Audiences & SocietyTeen pregnancy, like obesity, is often framed as an “epidemic.”  nike hoodies costcoAs such, both the “epidemic” of teen pregnancy and the “epidemic” of obesity can be understood through the lens of what sociologist Stanley Cohen popularized as a “moral panic.” fmx hoodiesIn Cohen’s words, moral panics are “condensed political struggles to control the means of cultural reproduction”; additionally “successful moral panics owe their appeal to their ability to find points of resonance with wider anxieties.”

“The Real Cost of Teen Pregnancy” — a public health information campaign launched by the Mayor and Human Resources Administration of New York City in March 2013 — features babies and toddlers, primarily children of color, chastising their teenage mothers. Launched at a time when teen pregnancies have actually declined, primarily due to the availability of safe and affordable reproductive health care, the accusatory “shame and blame” narrative of these images is not only out of proportion to the “problem” it seeks to address, but is weighed down by its obvious cultural narratives about teens of color, poverty, gender and sexuality. Having a pensive toddler of color next to the slogan “Honestly Mom… chances are he won’t stay with you. What happens to me?” and a weeping boy of color next to the words “I’m twice as likely not to graduate high school because you had me as a teen,” serves to re-stigmatize single teen mothers, encouraging wider social senses of moral outrage, hostility and volatility toward young, predominantly impoverished girls of color.

Not unlike cultural narratives about “welfare queens,” the campaign plays into racist and classist fears about sexually active girls of color and teenage mothers who use social services. The message just under the surface here is about the need for social control of “unruly bodies.” These 4,000 posters, put up in buses and subways, cost a reported $10,000 per year for the city, and have already drawn harsh critique from many. Haydee Morales, vice president for education and training at Planned Parenthood of New York City, for instance, has reportedly suggested the campaign has got it backward. In her words, “It’s not teen pregnancies that cause poverty, but poverty that causes teen pregnancy.” According to Samantha Levine, a spokesperson for New York’s Mayor Bloomberg, “it’s well past the time when anyone can afford to be value neutral when it comes to teen pregnancy.” Public health campaigns are never value neutral. They communicate social beliefs about normalcy, productivity, desirability, and cultural worth.

An additional cost of the unexamined acceptance of this new teen pregnancy campaign is accepting yet another narrative about individual choice over systemic change. Placing responsibility on the shoulders of the individual, such campaigns silence more complex conversations about accessible and affordable reproductive health care, anti-poverty campaigns, and gender and social justice work. Instead of buying into the “moral panic” of teen pregnancy, perhaps the mayor’s office might look into more long lasting and less stigmatizing possibilities of structural change to improve the lives of young women in New York City. “Shame and blame” has rarely gotten public health anywhere. In the words of researcher and speaker Brené Brown, “Shame diminishes our capacity for empathy. Shame corrodes the very part of us that believes we are capable of change.” Sayantani DasGupta is a faculty member in Narrative Medicine at Columbia University. She is the editor of Stories of Illness and Healing: Women Write their Bodies,  co-authored The Demon Slayers and Other Stories: Bengali Folktales, and authored Her Own Medicine: A Woman’s Journey from Student to Doctor.